1. Past land use can create altered soil conditions and plant communities that persist for decades, although the effects of these altered conditions on consumers are rarely investigated. 2. Using a ...

Fly anglers place grasshoppers in the ‘terrestrials’ category. Ants, beetles, crickets and grasshoppers are examples of land-based insects that inadvertently end up in the water where trout easily ...

For fly fishermen, late summer means terrestrial time. By then, the rivers are running low and clear, and the mayfly hatches of spring have tapered off. Streamside meadows are abuzz with beetles, ...