The loop output can go directly to an ADC (analog-to-digital converter) or DMM in the configuration of K22 shown. If, however, filtering is needed to reduce noise during measurements, K22 can be ...

Two popular ways of measuring the loop gain T of a negative-feedback circuit are Middlebrook’s double-injection method [1] and Rosenstark’s open-circuit/short ...

There are a number of complex tasks involved in the manufacturing of electronic assemblies, all of which can go wrong. In order to ensure quality standards are met, the fabrication of the printed ...